References - Chronic UTI Info

(i) Paul Little, Kate Rumsby, Rachel Jones, Greg Warner, Michael Moore, J Andrew Lowes, Helen Smith, Catherine Hawke, Geraldine Leydon and Mark Mullee Validating the prediction of lower urinary tract infection in primary care: sensitivity and specificity of urinary dipsticks and clinical scores in women
British Journal of General Practice 2010; 60 (576): 495-500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp10X514747

(ii) Sathiananthamoorthy, S., et al., Reassessment of Routine Midstream Culture in Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection. J Clin Microbiol, 2018.

Mambatta AK, Jayarajan J, Rashme VL, Harini S, Menon S, Kuppusamy J. Reliability of dipstick assay in predicting urinary tract infection. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015 Apr-Jun;4(2):265-8. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.154672. PMID: 25949979; PMCID: PMC4408713

Gill, K., et al., A blinded observational cohort study of the microbiological ecology associated with pyuria and overactive bladder symptoms. Int Urogynecol J, 2018.
00. Khasriya and Malone-Lee. The Inadequacy of Urinary Dipstick and Microscopy as Surrogate Markers of Urinary Tract Infection in Urological Outpatients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Without Acute Frequency and Dysuria. Journal of Urololgy. 2010 183(5): 1843–1847

Swamy, Gorny and Malone-Lee. Fallacies and Misconceptions in Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infection. July 2014 futuremedicine.com. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmeb2013.13.276

(iii) Khasriya R, Khan S, Lunawat R, et al. The Inadequacy of Urinary Dipstick and Microscopy as Surrogate Markers of Urinary Tract Infection in Urological Outpatients With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Without Acute Frequency and Dysuria. JUrol. 2010;183(5):1843-1847. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20303096

(iv) Sathiananthamoorthy, S., et al., Reassessment of Routine Midstream Culture in Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection. J Clin Microbiol, 2018.

Swamy, Gorny and Malone-Lee. Fallacies and Misconceptions in Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infection. July 2014 futuremedicine.com. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmeb2013.13.276

(v) Gill K, Kang R, Sathiananthamoorthy S, Khasriya R, Malone-Lee J. A blinded observational cohort study of the microbiological ecology associated with pyuria and overactive bladder symptoms. Int Urogynecol J. 2018. Epub 2018/02/20. doi: 10.1007/s00192-018-3558-x. PubMed PMID: 29455238.

Khasriya R, Sathiananthamoorthy S, Ismail S, Kelsey M, Wilson M, Rohn JL, et al. Spectrum of bacterial colonization associated with urothelial cells from patients with chronic lower urinary tract symptoms. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(7):2054-62.

Thomas-White K, Forster SC, Kumar N, Van Kuiken M, Putonti C, Stares MD, et al. Culturing of female bladder bacteria reveals an interconnected urogenital microbiota. Nature communications. 2018;9(1):1557. Epub 2018/04/21. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03968-5. PubMed PMID: 29674608; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5908796.

Brubaker L, Wolfe AJ. The Female Urinary Microbiota/Microbiome: Clinical and Research Implications. Rambam Maimonides medical journal. 2017;8(2). Epub 2017/05/04. doi: 10.5041/rmmj.10292. PubMed PMID: 28467757; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5415361.

Price TK, Hilt EE, Dune TJ, Mueller ER, Wolfe AJ, Brubaker L. Urine trouble: should we think differently about UTI? Int Urogynecol J. 2017. Epub 2017/12/28. doi: 10.1007/s00192-017-3528-8. PubMed PMID: 29279968.

Price TK, Dune T, Hilt EE, Thomas-White KJ, Kliethermes S, Brincat C, et al. The Clinical Urine Culture: Enhanced Techniques Improve Detection of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(5):1216-22. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00044-16. PubMed PMID: 26962083.

Hilt EE, McKinley K, Pearce MM, Rosenfeld AB, Zilliox MJ, Mueller ER, et al. Urine is not sterile: use of enhanced urine culture techniques to detect resident bacterial flora in the adult female bladder. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(3):871-6. Epub 2013/12/29. doi: 10.1128/jcm.02876-13. PubMed PMID: 24371246; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3957746.

Brubaker L, Nager CW, Richter HE, Visco A, Nygaard I, Barber MD, et al. Urinary bacteria in adult women with urgency urinary incontinence. International urogynecology journal. 2014;25(9):1179-84. doi: 10.1007/s00192-013-2325-2. PubMed PMID: PMC4128900.

Pearce MM, Hilt EE, Rosenfeld AB, Zilliox MJ, Thomas-White K, Fok C, et al. The female urinary microbiome: a comparison of women with and without urgency urinary incontinence. mBio. 2014;5(4):e01283-14. Epub 2014/07/10. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01283-14. PubMed PMID: 25006228; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc4161260.

Wolfe AJ, Toh E, Shibata N, Rong R, Kenton K, Fitzgerald M, et al. Evidence of uncultivated bacteria in the adult female bladder. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50. doi: 10.1128/jcm.05852-11.

Sathiananthamoorthy S. PhD The microbiology of chronic lower urinary tract symptoms. UCL: UCL; 2016.

(vi) Price et al. The Clinical Urine Culture: Enhanced Techniques Improve Detection of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. May 2016 (54) 5

Hooton, T.M.; Roberts, P.L.; Cox, M.E.; Stapleton, A.E. Voided midstream urine culture and acute cystitis in premenopausal women. N. Engl. J. Med. 2013, 369, 1883–1891

(vii) Urinary tract infections in adults Quality standard [QS90] Published date: February 2023

(viii) https://cks.nice.org.uk/urinary-tract-infection-lower-women#!scenario:2

(ix) The Pulse 24/05/2017

(x) Price TK, Dune T, Hilt EE, Thomas-White KJ, Kliethermes S, Brincat C, et al. The clinical urine culture: enhanced techniques improve detection of clinically relevant microorganisms. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(5):1216–22

Ross A. Lawrenson, John W. Logie, Antibiotic failure in the treatment of urinary tract infections in young women, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 48, Issue 6, December 2001, Pages 895–901, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/48.6.895

(xi) Subinhibitory Antibiotic Therapy Alters Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Pathogenesis through Modulation of Bacterial Virulence and Host Immunity Lee W Goneau, Thomas J Hannan, Roderic A MacPhee, Drew J Schwartz, Jean M Macklaim, Gregory B Gloor, Hassan Razvi, Gregor Read, Scott J Hultgren, Jeremy P Burton doi: 10.1128/mBio.00356-1531 March 2015 mBio vol. 6 no. 2 e00356-15

Sub-lethal antibiotic treatment leads to multidrug resistance via radical-induced mutagenesis: Michael A. Kohanski, Mark A. DePristo, and James J. Collins 2010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2010.01.003

(xii) Diagnosis and Treatment Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome, American Urological Association Published 2011; Amended 2014

(xiii) Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4457377/

(ixv) Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015 Aug 22;386(9995):743-800. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4.

(xv) UK figures based on Rand Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology Study 2010

(xvi) Katchman, EA, Milo G, Paul M et al. Three-day vs. longer duration of antibiotic treatment for cystitis in women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 2005; 118(11): 1196-207

(xvii) Chieng, Catherine C.Y. et al. The clinical implications of bacterial pathogenesis and mucosal immunity in chronic urinary tract infection Mucosal Immunology, Volume 16, Issue 1, 61 – 71